Atomic Structure and Periodicity
All matter is composed of atoms. All matter can be described in terms of the arrangements and interactions between these elements.
Section 1: The structure of atoms
Elements have characteristic structures that can be explained based upon electrostatic interactions between negative electrons and positive protons in the nucleus. Photoelectron Spectroscopy (PES) and Ionization energy data provide insight into this structure and using Coulombic interactions can be qualitatively predicted.
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Lecture Summary: The Coulombic interactions that we will focus on are the interactions between electrons and nuclei. We will look at how these interactions give way to the unique electronic structure of each element.
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Lecture Summary: We know the energetics of an electron in an atom can be understood by applying Coulomb's Law. We are now going to take that concept of electrons in quantized energy shells and describe the electronic structure of the atom using electron configurations.
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Section 2: Periodic Trends
The electronic structure of atoms leads to specific trends when placed in increasing atomic number. Trends can be predicted and qualitatively explained using electronic structure. Trends are also a powerful tool used in molecular design.
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Lecture Summary: Periodicity can be explain qualitatively with Coulomb's Law, the shell model of the atom, and shielding because of the regular variations that occur in the electronic structure of atoms.
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Lecture Summary: The shell model refers to Bohr's model of an atom and is useful in making predictions but the Quantum Mechanical Model is the currently accepted "best" model of an atom based upon current data.
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