Inter-Molecular Forces
Properties of materials can be explained by the forces between substances.
Section 1: Molecular spacing and forces between
Physical properties are used to describe matter and generally depend upon the spacing and forces between the particles present. The macroscopic properties are directly related to the amount of order, motion, and energetics of interaction between the particles. These can be described both qualitatively and quantitatively.
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Lecture Summary: Particle spacing, particle movements, and inter-particle forces of attraction can be used to explain the differences in properties between solids and liquids at the atomic scale and the macroscopic scale.
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Lecture Summary: The relationship between P. V, n, and T can be effectively modeled using the ideal gas law which is founded upon the postulates of the kinetic molecular theory (KMT). KMT can also be used to qualitatively describe/predict/estimate the effects of changes to a gas at the atomic scale and the macroscopic scale.
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Lecture Summary: Solutions are homogeneous mixtures composed of a solute dissolved in a solvent. Solute-Solute interactions and Solute-Solvent interactions determine the physical properties of a solution as well as determine which physical separation technique would be best suited to separate the components.
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Section 2: Forces of Attraction BETWEEN particles (Inter-Molecular Forces)
Inter-Molecular Forces, or IMF, are important in characterizing properties of a substance. These forces can be ranked with relative strength when given data and deviation from ideal gas behavior is primarily due to these inter-molecular interactions. Inter-Molecular Forces also play a vital role in the biological function, shape, and interaction of molecules.
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Lecture Summary: London Dispersion Forces are temporary, instantaneous dipoles created in atoms/molecules that arise from Coulombic interactions between neighboring particles. The size of the polarizable electron cloud and the surface area of contact between particles determines the strength of these inter-particle interactions.
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Lecture Summary: Polar molecules have permanent dipoles and Coulombic interactions between dipoles, nonpolar compounds, and ions result in a net attractive force between species, albeit weaker than an ionic bond or covalent bond.
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Lecture Summary: Inter-Particle attractions determine many properties of solids and liquids. The presence of inter-particle forces also explains why real gases deviate from ideal gas behavior and they also play an important role in the function of biological systems
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