Pre-AP Atomic Structure
All matter is composed of atoms!
Understanding the composition and location of the subatomic particles helps us predict behavior of the elements.
Understanding the composition and location of the subatomic particles helps us predict behavior of the elements.
Assigned LectureLecture Summary: The location and arrangement of subatomic particles will determine many properties of elements. Protons determine element identities, neutrons can change an elements mass and proton-electron ratios determine charges of elements or ions. We can use the periodic table to quickly determine information about an elements number of protons and the location of all of it's electrons.
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Assigned LectureLecture Summary: Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons and can be represented using either hyphen notation or nuclear notation. Isotopes were discovered using mass spectrometry and the discovery led to the revision of the Dalton's early atomic model. The relative abundance of isotopes are used to calculate the average atomic mass of elements.
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Assigned LectureLecture Summary: The periodic table is arranged based on atomic structure. The arrangement allows us to predict valence electrons, reactivity & chemical properties, and valence electron location/region.
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Assigned LectureLecture Summary: Electron configurations are used to show the location of all of the electrons within an atom. Since the placement of electrons within energy shells follow regular patterns the location of an element on the periodic table is directly related to the electronic structure of the atom. We will use element position on the periodic table to write electron configurations.
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Assigned LectureLecture Summary: The behavior of elements is directly related to the Coulombic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. Since electron placement is orderly and predictable we can use Coulombs Law to predict and explain differences in behavior of elements. We will also use Coulomb's Law to explain trends in behavior of the elements.
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Assigned LectureLecture Summary: First ionization energy is the energy needed to remove the least tightly help electron from a gaseous state atom. The amount of ionization energy is directly proportional to the coulombic attraction the valence electron experiences to the nucleus. We can use the atomic structure of atoms to justify and predict differences in ionization energy based on Coulomb's Law.
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Assigned LectureLecture Summary: Atomic radius is the distance from the nucleus to the outermost electron. Atomic structure can be used to justify and predict difference in atomic radius within a group. Coulomb's Law combined with atomic structure can be used to justify and predict differences in atomic radius for elements within a period.
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Assigned LectureLecture Summary: The electromagnetic spectrum related the energy of photons to wavelength and frequency of photons. A big part of this course will focus on the emission of photons from electron transitions within atoms.
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Assigned LectureLecture Summary: There are three formulas used to quantify the energy of a photon or to relate the frequency to the wavelength of a photon.
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